Иностранный английский язык/ преподаватель Щаева А.М.
Выполнить все задания к практическим работам №1-10
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ
РАБОТА № 1
Данная практическая работа включает
следующий грамматический материал:
1) Субъектный инфинитивный оборот и
объект.
2) Независимый причастный оборот.
Следует обратить внимание на особенности
перевода указанной конструкции в начале предложений и в конце предложений.
3) Условные предложения.
Необходимо чётко различать 3 типа
условных предложений в английском языке.
Задание 1
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Укажите их функцию в предложении.
1) The paint containing special toxicants is
assumed to provide antifouling effect.
2) The berths were found to be equipped with different
cranes.
3) The local buoyage systems are known to
include submarine cables, fishing nets and other equipment.
4) Good ventilation is urgent to be provided
during the coating and thereafter, until all volatile components have been
removed.
Задание 2
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.
1) The area to be painted must be cleaned and
washed to remove all salt, dirt and oil.
2) The deck department must keep the ship’s
hull, holds and tackle in good condition.
3) The maximum draught should not exceed 9
meters
4) One must pay much attention to oil pollution
prevention measures.
5) The Chief Engineer and his charge are to
protect the ship from damaging effects of salt water, changes in temperature
and the action of waves.
6) Before an area can be repainted, proper
preparation is essential.
Задание 3
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
Укажите тип условного предложения.
1) Had the crew taken certain oil pollution
preventing measures the oil spill wouldn’t have occurred.
2)
If a minor damage occurs, it can be treated
without special shop equipment and appliances.
3) It is no use applying two-pack
epoxy or polyurethane coating in winter conditions unless the ship repairer can
offer heated undercover facilities.
Задание 4
Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,4,5-й
абзацы.
MAINTENANCE ON
BOARD
Much of the work of the Engine Department on board a ship concerns the
maintenance of the ship and her fittings. Different preventing measures are
urgent to be held on board in order to protect the ship from damaging effects
of salt water, changes of temperature and the action of waves.
To prevent corrosion the metal is coated with paint. Various paints are
available on board the ship nowadays in a wide variety of colours. Paints are
usually stored in the paintlocker, located under the forecastle head.
The most common paints are as follows: metal primer or sealers,
undercoats, top coats, heat-resistant paints and varnishes. All these paints
serve various functions and must be applied to different areas. A ship’s bottom
is given a coating of antifouling paint. These paints contain toxicants, which
are poisonous to marine fouling.
Before the area can be repainted, certain preparation measures are
essential. The area must be cleaned and washed with the help of removers and
various scrapers, to remove all salt, dirt and oil. Loose paint is removed with
a scraper and heavy rust with a chipping hammer. A wire brush should be used on
all bare metal to remove the last of scale before the first coating is applied.
Conditions for painting at sea are far from ideal, so planning is
essential and adequate time must be allowed for initial cleaning and drying.
Regarding safety, due attention is to be given to correct rigging and ways of
avoiding the accidents.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ
РАБОТА № 2
Задание 1
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Укажите их функцию в предложении.
1) Hydraulic tightening
gear is advisory to be used when overhauling modern engines.
2) Older engines are
allowed to be overhauled using hand-held heavy hammers and spanners.
3) Abrasion is known to be caused by hard
particles, produced by corrosion.
4) The engine runs fast, the Chief Engineer
assumes the governor gear to be out of order.
Задание 2
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.
1) The vessel is to be dry-docked and undocked
on completion of underwater work.
2) Welding work must be approached with much
caution by well-qualified specialists.
3) Special valve grinding equipment can be very
useful on board.
4) According to the ship
list the deck department must keep the marine equipment of the engine
department in good condition, overhauling it from time to time.
5) Modern workshop machinery must be provided on
board, which can enable a wider spectrum of repair work to be undertaken.
6) Before an area can be repainted, proper
preparation is essential.
Задание 3
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие
предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
Укажите тип условного предложения.
1) If the level of oil in
the service tank is too low one has to refill the service tank and prime fuel
tank.
2) Corrosion would occur,
if heavy fuels with high sulphur content were burned.
3) The use of welding should be limited to
simple and emergency work, unless welding seams can be checked and tested for
safety.
Задание 4
Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,3,4-й
абзацы.
WORKSHOPS
There are various types of work to be done undertaken on board modern
ships. Every unpleasant task can be eased, or eliminated, by the use of special
tools and equipment is therefore worth mechanizing.
Modern workshop machinery, as well as additional portable power tools,
is now provided, to enable larger amount of repair work to be undertaken on
board the ship. A medium size universal lathe with all attachments is the first
essential thing in the working shop.
A large vertical drill and a universal shaping machine can also save
many hours of hard manual work and achieve greater accuracy. Special valve
grinding equipment can be very useful on board. A portable welding plant is
essential, which allows to held repair work both on board and in the workshop.
The use of welding should be limited to simple and emergency work, especially
if used for lifting gear or on boilers or pressure valves, unless welding seams
can be checked and tested for safety.
The workshops nowadays are considered to be made as an extension of the
engine control room to be soundproof, air-conditioned and at the same time
handy to the monitoring and control center.
To sum up, one can say, that the essentials of proper on-board
maintenance are well-qualified engineers, a proper system for regular
maintenance and spares control, aided by careful elimination of all unnecessary
complication.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ
РАБОТА № 3
Задание 1
Перепишите и
письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с использованием инфинитивных оборотов. Укажите их функцию в предложении.
1) Skin friction is
believed to account for up to 80 per cent of resistance to movement through the
water.
2) Older engines are
allowed to be overhauled using hand-held heavy hammers and spanners.
3) The first six-cylinder
unit is expected to run shop trials early this year.
4) The shipyard representatives suppose all the details of the plan to have
been worked out long ago.
Задание 2
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.
1) The vessel is to be
drydocked and undocked on completion of underwater work.
2) The upper piston rings
should be examined at intervals of one month during the first six months
service.
3) Special
valve grinding equipment can be very useful on board.
4) At the final stage
starting air piping and air bottles must be cleaned, and the lubricating oil
system thoroughly examined and cleared of deposits.
5) Modern workshop
machinery must be provided on board, which can enable a wider spectrum of
repair work to be undertaken.
6) Using a good
anti-fouling can save up to 10-15 per cent of fuel.
Задание 3
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
Укажите тип условного предложения.
1) If the level of oil in
the service tank is too low, one has to refill the service tank and prime fuel
tank.
2) In case the
anti-foulings had been used, the sealer or primer coatings would not have been
necessary.
3) Provided certain initial
conditions are fulfilled the h.p. compressor rotor is accelerated by a
hydraulic starter to 2000 rev/min.
Задание 4
Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,3,-й
абзацы.
DRY-DOCKING AND REPAIRS.
Ship may need dry-docking in a number of cases. In the course of time
the underwater part of a ship is known to be covered with sea-growth or shells,
which are called “fouling”. This fouling reduces the ship’s propulsive
efficiency to a large extent. To remove the sea-growth the vessel needs to be
dry-docked from time to time and her bottom must be graved or cleaned.
In case of damage to the ship’s hull, such as may result from stranding
or collision, the ship must be also placed in a dry dock or slip for
examination and repairs.
If the ship is docked for the purpose of cleaning and recoating the
bottom, the captain and the chief mate should see that the work is done
effectively. While being docked, a
careful examination of the ship’s bottom should be undertaken, and the
engineers should examine the stern tube, the propeller, injection valves and
sea connections, if any part of the plating is found to be corroded or pitted,
it must be thoroughly cleaned and covered with some anti-corrosive coating.
Repairs to main and auxiliary machinery, deck machinery, cargo gear,
deck superstructures and above-water portions of the hull do not always
necessitate placing a ship into the dry dock. These repairs in the majority of
cases are affected when the vessel is practically afloat.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 4
Задание 1
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Укажите их функцию в предложении.
1) Blasting equipment on
board the ship is proved to include painting equipment for surface treatment,
collection and separation of waste abrasives; hoses, control and measuring
tools and equipment; ventilation systems and protective equipment
2) Fouling is likely to be
more abundant in warm tropical waters than in temperate.
3) We know these devices to
work properly in favorable weather conditions.
4) The cost of a worn
engine reconditioning is assumed to be more economical than buying a new one
with the average cost being only 40-60 per cent.
Задание 2
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.
1) The
equipment is to be delivered within 12 months of being ordered.
2.) Large items, such as
pistons, must not be held in the storerooms, but stored in proper racks around
the engine for which they are intended under suitable cranage facilities.
3) Welding operations must
be executed only by well-qualified specialists, after proper orders and
instructions are given.
4) According to the ship
list the deck department must keep the marine equipment of the engine
department in good condition, overhauling it from time to time.
5) Corrosion of above water
surfaces can be severe due to salt spray and water on deck.
5)
Due attention is to be
given to correct rigging.
Задание 3
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
Укажите тип условного предложения.
1)
Crankcase corrosion may
again reach serious proportion, unless combustion is carefully controlled.
2) If the starting air
pressure had not been too low, the engine would not have failed to start.
3) Deposits between the
cast iron fins provided the passage for gas is not unduly impared.
Задание 4
Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,3,4-й
абзацы.
RECONDITIONING
Reconditioning a worn engine component is frequently more economical
than buying a new one, average cost being only 40-60 per cent.
Parts such as exhaust valve housing and piston crowns are available on
an exchange basis. The return of a defective, but repairable item is promised
and the operator must immediately supply the vessel with a reconditioned
component. Among the components, which
are likely to be continually reconditioned, are piston crowns, cylinder covers,
main bearings, crosshead bearings and injection elements.
Damaged exhaust valve seats of an engine are cut off from the valve
housing and are replaced by new hard-surfaced seat rings. Piston crowns with
worn ring grooves must be cleaned, subjected to crack detection and machined to
the original drawings.
If the damage requires, the complete crown will be machined to the
original drawings, so that, after reconditioning, parts of the piston are
restored to the original quality. The cost of such repair amounts to only 50
per cent of the price of a new component and the life-time is nearly the same.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 5
Задание 1
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Укажите их функцию в предложении.
1)
This device is said to
absorb 40 % of the propeller shaft maximum torque in under six seconds.
2)
Skin friction of the ship's
bottom is believed to account for 80 % of resistance to movement through the
water.
a. We know
these devices to work properly in favourable weather conditions.
b. The dock is
under construction and is expected to be completed by the end of the year.
Задание 2
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их
эквивалентов.
1) Fuel pumps should be examined and adjusted if necessary.
2) Large items, such as pistons, must not be
held in the storerooms, but stored in proper racks around the engine for which
they are intended under suitable cranage facilities.
3) Welding operations must
be executed only by well-qualified specialists, after proper orders and
instructions are given.
4) According to the ship
list the deck department must keep the marine equipment of the engine
department in good condition, overhauling it from time to time.
5) Corrosion of above water
surfaces can be severe due to salt spray and water on deck.
6) The main bearing must be
examined and readings taken for wear.
Задание 3
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения с использованием
инфинитивных оборотов. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
Укажите тип условного предложения.
1) Fuel pumps should be
examined and adjusted if necessary.
2) If the starting air
pressure had not been too low, the engine would not have failed to start.
3) Provided certain initial
conditions are fulfilled the h.p. compressor rotor is accelerated by a
hydraulic starter to 2000 rev/min.
Задание 4
Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,3,4-й
абзацы.
CYLINDER LINER WEAR
There are a number of reasons for wear in cylinder liners. Wear may be
due to friction, corrosion and abrasion. Each of these may have a number of
reasons.
Frictional wear is likely to depend on the materials used in the liner
and in the piston rings. It takes the place between the sliding surfaces of the
cylinder liner and the piston rings. It may be caused by inefficient
lubrication of the cylinder or by overloading the engine. In addition, engine
operation conditions also affect frictional wear. For example, frictional wear
may increase, if the air and fuel are contaminated.
Corrosion occurs when heavy fuels with high sulphur content are burned.
Acids, which are formed during combustion, are proved to entail corrosion, as
well. Sulphuric acid corrosion will be caused, if the cooling water temperature
is too low. This allows moisture to condense in the cylinder cooling jacket and
consequently sulphuric acid may form in the cylinder.
Abrasion is caused by hard particles. These may be the product of
combustion or mechanical wear. Hard particles may also be produced by
corrosion.
Summing up, cylinder liner wear is caused by friction between the liner
and the piston rings, by corrosion – mainly from burning heavy fuels – and by
abrasion from the products of wear, corrosion and combustion.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ
РАБОТА № 6
Данная практическая работа включает
ознакомление со следующим грамматическим материалом:
1) Значения глаголов should и would в предложении.
2) Инфинитивный и причастный обороты, соответствующие
при переводе на русский язык придаточным предложениям.
3) Сложные союзы.
4) Перевод текста по специальности.
Задание 1
Перепишите предложения и переведите на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1) The chief engineer should discuss the
list of repairs with the manager of the ship repair department.
2) Cargo handling would have been
impossible without cranes, winches and derricks.
3) If the hand control valves were used they would
be closed immediately after the compressor was stopped.
Задание 2
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют
придаточным предложениям.
1) Sea water containing
about 3,5 per cent of salt, we cannot use it for piston cooling.
2) To increase the piston
skirt sliding area the thickness of the rings has been reduced.
3) Squeezed by the ice the
steamer couldn't continue her way.
4) Modern methods of hull
cleaning and painting to be introduced at this dock will raise the quality of
repairs.
5) We expect the cargo to
be delivered next Friday.
Задание 3
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1) Gas turbines differ from
steam turbines in that gas rather than steam is used to turn a shaft.
2) Because the steam drum
provides a reservoir of relatively cool water, convection current are set up
causing the water to circulate round
the system.
3) Both the reduction gear and main engines are lubricated with the same
oil, Mobil 324.
Задание 4
Перепишите
и письменно переведите текст.
PUMPS
A pumping system on a ship consists of
suction piping, a pump and discharge piping. The typical characteristics for
the pump are the suction head and discharge head. There are 3 classes of pumps
in marine use: displacement, axial flow and centrifugal. Displacement pumps can
be either reciprocating or rotary. The operating principle of the reciprocating
displacement pump is following. As the piston moves upwards suction takes place
below the piston and liquid is discharged and the suction valve is closed. As
the piston travels down the operating of suction and discharge occur on
opposite sides. A safety valve is always fitted between the pump suction and
discharge chamber to protect the pump against excessive pressure. The rotary
vane displacement pumps operate by means of rotary parts which trap the liquid
at the suction side and move it through the discharge outlet. According to the
type of rotary elements there are rotary vane displacement pumps, gear
displacement pumps and screw displacement pumps. An axial flow pumps uses a
screw propeller to accelerate the liquid. The outlet passages and guide vanes
are arranged to convert the velocity increase of the liquid into a pressure. In
a centrifugal pump liquid enters the centre of the impeller and flows radially
out between the vanes. A diffuser or volute is then used to convert most energy
in the liquid into pressure. There are single-entry or double entry centrifugal
pumps. Various valves are fitted to the pumps. These include the following:
globe valves, non-return or check valves, safety valves, gate valves.
Пояснения к тексту:
suction piping всасывающий трубопровод
discharge piping нагнетательный трубопровод
suction head высота всасывания
discharge head высота нагнетания
displacement объемного
типа
axial flow осевой насос
centrifugal центробежный
reciprocating поршневой
rotary роторный
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 7
Задание 1
Перепишите предложения и переведите на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1) The engine should
be carefully overhauled when the ship is being repaired in a dry dock.
2) I would like to
know if there is any water leakage from the boiler.
3) If heavy fuels with high
sulphur content were burnt it would result in corrosion of cylinder liners.
Задание 2
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют
придаточным предложениям.
1) The piston moving down,
it draws a mixture of air and vaporized gasoline into the cylinder.
2) Although applied for
many purposes diesel engines have certain disadvantages.
3) To facilitate port
management sea ports are provided with information computing centers.
4) The first problem to be
considered is a serious damage.
5) The quality of repairs
is certain to meat the-Classification Society Requirements.
Задание 3
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1) Both air-cooled and
water-cooled engines are built ranging from 27 to 910 bhp.
2) Corrosion is often
severe around propeller areas due to galvanic action between the bronze
propeller and the steel.
3) The diesel engine is
still the most preferred form of marine propulsion mover because of its
low fuel consumption and of operation.
Задание 4
Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский
язык.
CYLINDER LINER WEAR
There are a number of reasons for wear
in cylinder liners. Wear may be due to friction, corrosion and abrasion. Each
of these may have a number of causes.
Frictional wear depends on the
materials used in the liner and in the piston rings. It takes place between the
sliding surfaces of the cylinder liner and the piston rings. It may be caused
by inefficient lubrication of the cylinder or by overloading the engine. In
addition, engine operating conditions also affect frictional wear. For example,
frictional wear may increase if the air and fuel are contaminated.
Corrosion occurs when heavy fuels with
high sulphur content are burned. It is caused by acids which are formed during
combustion. Sulphuric acid corrosion may be caused if the cooling water
temperature is too low. This allows moisture to condense in the cylinder
cooling Jacket and consequently sulphuric acid may form in the cylinder.
Abrasion is caused by hard particles.
These may be the product of combustion or mechanical wear. Hard particles may
also be produced by corrosion.
Summing up, cylinder liner wear is
caused by friction between the liner and the piston rings, by corrosion -
mainly from burning heavy fuels - and by abrasion from the products of wear,
corrosion and combustion.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 8
Задание 1
Перепишите предложения и переведите па русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1) Before starting a diesel
engine should be warmed through by circulating hot water through the
jackets.
2) It would be
impossible о start a diesel engine without a compressed air of pressure not
exceeding 30 kg/sq. cm.
3) If a piston moved in a
straight line, its up-and-down movement would be called a reciprocating
motion.
Задание 2
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют
придаточным предложениям.
1) The piston having completed the stroke, it
changes the direction of motion.
2) The main and crankpin bearings were found to
be in a very good condition.
3) To stop the compressor's work for a short
time it is sufficient to open the starting switch.
4) Modem types of circulation pumps are known to
be axial flow propeller type units.
5) The pressure in the cylinder to be further
increased by the combustion of the fuel causes the piston to move downward on its power stroke.
Задание 3
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1) These diesel engines were chosen because
of their economical fuel consumption.
2) Wear in cylinder lines may be due to
friction, corrosion and abrasion.
3) As to atomization quality and
reliability in operation, rotary cup atomizers have provided reliable in marine
practice.
Задание 4
Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский
язык:
DECK MACHINERY
Deck machinery includes mooring
equipment, anchor handling equipment, cargo handling equipment and hatch
covers. Other items include life-boats, life-rafts, emergency equipment,
watertight doors and bow thrusters.
Three forms of power are currently in
use for driving deck machinery: steam, hydraulic and electric.
Winches with
different arrangement of barrels are the usual mooring equipment used on board
ships. Modern winches are self - tensioning units.
The windlass is the usual anchor
handing device where one machine may be used to handle both anchors. On lager
vessel the split windlass is used where one machine operators each anchor.
Cargo winches are used with various derrick systems arranged for cargo
handling. One of possible rigs is a derrick rig or "union purchase".
One derrick is positioned over the quayside and the other almost vertically
over the hold. A combination of movements from two winches which can lift,
transfer and lower the cargo. On many modern ships derricks are replaced by
cranes, which require only one man to operate it. All deck machinery is exposed
to heavy weather. Total enclosure of all working parts is usual with splash
lubrication for gearing. The various bearings on the shafts must be greased by
pressure grease points. Open gears and clutches are lubricated with type of
motor drive used.
Пояснения к тексту:
anchor якорное
устройство
watertight door водонепроницаемая дверь
winch лебёдка
self-tensioning unit устройство, автоматически
поддерживающее заданное усилие
windlass брашпиль
split windlass брашпиль с раздельным приводом
rig оборудование, устройство
union purchase спаренные грузовые стрелы.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ
РАБОТА № 9
Задание 1
Перепишите предложения и переведите на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1) When the engine reaches
its firing speed (обороты пуска) the
maneuvering handle should be moved to the running position.
2) Every engineer knows
that it is impossible to predict all the need of repair in an engine room.
4)
What would happen if
there were water in the fuel?
Задание 2
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют
придаточным предложениям.
1) The piston moving forward, the piston forces
the burned gases from the cylinder.
2) The highest power of installation is expected
to be more than 30,000 hp.
3) Steam heated above the temperature of saturation
corresponding to the pressure is said to be superheated.
4) During the operation the
surplus fuel to be delivered by the fuel transfer pump runs into the overflow
line.
5) To satisfy the demand
for unmanned engine rooms at sea automated power plants ashore there is a
complete electronic equipment for centrifugal separators.
Задание 3
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1) No expansion takes place as the steam
flows through the blading.
2) Coolers are used for cooling either
oil or water.
3) Visual inspection of the valves showed neither
signs of defects nor wears of the valve stem or guides either on the
inlet or exhaust side.
Задание 4
Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский
язык:
FUNCTIONS OF AUXILARY MACHINERY
Besides running and maintaining the
main propulsion machinery of the ship, the engine officer has a great deal of
auxiliary machinery to look after. Auxiliary machinery covers everything
mechanical on board ship except the main engines and boilers. It includes
almost all the pipes and fittings and the equipment1 needed to carry out a
number of functions. These functions may be summarized as follows: to supply
the needs of the main engines and boilers.
Air compressors are used to supply
compressed air for starting engines. Coolers are used for cooling either oil or
water. Water for the boilers is also heated before being admitted into the
boiler by feed water pumps. This increases the efficiency of the boiler.
- To keep the ship dry and trimmed.
This is clone through the bilge and ballast pumping systems. The former*
removes water which has gathered in machinery, cargo and other spaces. The
latter3 pumps water into and out of ballast tanks. In general cargo
ships, these systems are usually interconnected and served by the same pumps.
In tankers and other bulk carriers, this systems are entirely (completely)
separate, because these ships may need to ballast at 12,000 tons/hour and therefore
need larger pumps.
- To supply
domestic needs such as fresh and sea water, sanitation; heating or cooling of
air, ventilation.
- To apply the
main power of the engines for propulsion and maneuvering. The engine power is
transmitted to the propeller by a line of shafting. This is made up of the
thrust shaft intermediate shafts and the propeller shaft. Steering gear is also
necessary to operate the rudder for maneuvering.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 10
Задание 1
Перепишите предложения и переведите на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1) The windlass is the
usual anchor handling device which should be used to handle both
anchors.
2) Cooling the piston with
oil would eliminate troubles due to leakage of water into the
lubricating oil.
3) If the main engine were
stopped for a considerable time in frosty weather the cooling water from the
auxiliary sets could be passed through the main engine system to prevent damage
due to freezing up.
Задание 2
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют
придаточным предложениям.
1) The main lubricating oil
manifold is divided into main circuits, the main circuit supplying the main
bearings.
2) The main factor of
choosing gas turbines for propulsion power is said to be reliability.
3) In a separate
circulating pump the oil or fresh water leaving the pistons passes through
cooler and into a large tank to be recirculated.
4) The heat to be absorbed
by the fresh water in the high-temperature circuit will be transferred to the
low-temperature circuit at a certain point.
Задание 3
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1) Air
compressors are used to supply compressed air for starting engines.
2) Since fuel is
usually classified according to viscosity at a standard t°, this doesn't
adequately express fuel quality.
3) On some ships it is
possible to operate both main and auxiliary engines on a common
grade of heavy fuel.
Задание 4
Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский
язык
THE STEERING ENGINE
The steering gear moves the rudder in
accordance with the signal from the bridge The system consists of three parts
control equipment, a power unit and a transmission to the rudder stock. The
control equipment conveys a signal of necessary rudder angle from the bridge
and activates the power unit and transmission system until the necessary angle
is reached. The power unit provides the force to move the rudder to the
designed angle. By means of the transmission system and the steering gear the
movement of the rudder is finished. The steering gear may have hydraulic control equipment (telemotor) or
electrical control equipment.
The power unit may also be hydraulic or
electrically operated. A delivery pump is required in the hydraulic system. For
automatic changeover within 45 seconds twin system steering gears are used. The
failure in one system results in changeover to the other. Prior to ship's
departure it's necessary to check.
1) Operation of
the main steering gear
2) Operation of
auxiliary gear.
3) Operation of
the remote control (telemotor) system and systems from the main bridge steering
position.
4) Operation of
the steering gear using the emergency power supply.
5) The rudder
angle indicator reading to actual rudder angle.
6) The alarms
fitted to the remote control system and the steering gear power unit for
correct operation.
The rudder should be moved through its
full travel in both directions.
The different equipment should be visually
inspected for damaged or wear. The communication system between the bridge and
steering gear compartment should be also operated.
Пояснения к тексту:
Steering gear рулевая машина
Rudder руль
Rudder stock
(head) баллер руля
То convey передавать
Delivery pump
нагнетательный насос
Changeover переключение
Remote control дистанционное управление.
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